Anxiety disorders are among most frequent mental disorders encountered by Clinicians. Untreated anxiety may result in increase health care utilization, morbidity, mortality and poorer quality of life. Individual with GAD, social phobias and panic disorder show less satisfaction with their quality of life. Basolateral amygdale has been implicated in anxiety generations. Mutations in Sk 3 (calcium channel) are suspected to be underlying cause of severe neurological disorder including anxiety. Therapeutic effects of benzodiazepine are usually or often sustained over months or years, with the need for increased dosage in the treatment of GAD and panic disorders. Flurazepam is a hypnotic agent useful for the treatment of insomnia characterized by frequent nocturnal awakening and other insomnia symptoms such as trouble falling or staying sleep. It acts on BZ 1 and BZ2 receptor sites. The mechanism of action of zopiclone is similar to benzodiazepines, but it wines more selectively to BZ1 receptor with similar effects on locomotor activity and on dopamine and serotonin turnover. Zopiclone although molecularly different from benzodiazepines, shares an almost identical pharmacological profile as benzodiazepines including anxiolytic properties. The present study is designed to assess two drugs of different classes that act through same receptor against control for their effects on some of the behavioral activities. Results indicated that zopiclone produced reduction in anxiety more than flurazepam.

Sixty five water samples (four surface water and sixty one groundwater) were collected from taluka Nawabshah and were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS) and heavy metals, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Pb, Ni and Cd. The results were obtained in the ranges; pH 6.95-8.87, EC 239-13170 µS/cm and TDS 153-8429. The concentration of heavy metals was observed in the ranges; Fe 46-1070 µg/L, Zn 0-460 µg/L, Cu 3-311 µg/L, Mn 4-418 µg/L, Co 0-33 µg/L, Pb 6-50 µg/L, Ni 0-37µg/L and Cd 0-18µg/L. The results were compared with world health organization (WHO) and local standards set for drinking water. Contamination index of groundwater was observed within 0.2-20.7. Only two water samples (both surface water) were observed suitable for drinking purpose, but all the remaining samples were highly contaminated with toxic heavy metals. An elevated level of toxic heavy metals in the groundwater of the area is of great concern.

Partial molar volume, V0, of Ciprofloxacin in water, 0.05 mol Kg-1 hydrochloric acid and 0.05 mol Kg-1, Iron (III) chloride solutions at 298.15 and 308.15 K was calculated from precision densities obtained from Density Sound Analyzer (DSA 5000). The data represent the smaller volume of drug in 0.05 mol Kg -1 Iron (III) chloride solution than water and 0.05 mol Kg-1 hydrochloric acid at constant temperature. The differences in volumes are interpreted as due to hydrophobicity of solutes. Relative hydrophobicities were estimated from volumes of transfer from one media to another media. The hydrophobicity of this compound also plays a key role in the drug action. The possible mechanism of drug binding with the membrane structure is also discussed.

A pot experiment was conducted with six different concentrations of copper (Cu) viz., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 (ppm) to determine the the response of wheat plants grown in earthen pots lined with polythene bags under glass house conditions. The growth attributes like plant height, fresh and dry weight yield, percent dry matter enhanced with increasing Cu concentrations and was maximum at 30 (ppm) Cu while the number of tillers was minimum at this level. The grain yield at 30 (ppm). Cu was enhanced by 65.2% from the control. The increase in weight of 1000 grains ranged from 45.95 to 48.49 g in comparison to control (3205 g). Harvest index (%) also increased and ranged from 42.49 to 49.50 in different treatments in comparison to control (39.99). Both 1000 grain weight and harvest index were maximum in the plants at 30 (ppm) copper. Cu concentrations in leaves, grain and straw enhanced with increasing levels of Cu application. The Fe concentration in leaves was significantly reduced by Cu application and the reduction was 11.5% at 50 (ppm) Cu and was not influenced in by Cu application in grain and straw. The Mn concentration was not affected by Cu application in any of the plant part studied. However, Zn concentration decreased significantly at higher levels of Cu (40 and 50 ppm) in leaves and remained unaffected in the grain and straw.

The present study was designed to investigate the presence of mannose binding lectin (ManBL) in the sera and tissue samples of patients with tumoral (benign and malignant) kidney in addition to patients with non tumoral kidney affection, in order to establish the possibility of using serum and tissue ManBL test for diagnosis and epidemiological testing of kidney cancers. Participants of the present study were 96 patients at the age range 12-80 years; they were attending by different hospitals in Najaf (basically) and Karbala, and 46 healthy individuals within the same age range of the studying patients groups. Specific hemagglutination activity levels were revealed a significant increased (p less than 0.001) in the sera and tissues of the patients with the malignant tumors specimens in comparison to that of pathological controls and healthy individuals. Serum and tissue hemagglutination activity levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with metastatic disease compared with patients with localized tumors. While, the levels of the hemagglutination activity were approximate at patients with the end malignant kidney tumors stages. Upon electrophoresis of the study samples, the results reflected presence of changes in some proteins and glycoproteins bands presents in these samples. Using hydrophobic affinity chromatography, ManBLs were purified from sera of malignant, benign kidney tumors and non tumoral kidney diseases in addition to healthy individuals groups. The purified lectins were found to be glycoprotein with 77.45 KD as an approximate molecular weight and its sugar content was equal to13.5%. The maximum concentration of purified ManBL was found at patients with malignant kidney tumors.The results revealed that the highest hemagglutination activity of purified ManBL occurred with O+ RBCs, at pH 7.4, and 37 °C. ManBL (regardless of its origin) lost the hemagglutination activity, completely, in the presence of EDTA. A result that indicates that the present purified the human ManBLs is a calcium dependent type.

Effects on some selected physiological and biochemical parameters of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris were inspecting in present investigation using exposure to enhanced CO2 levels. Enriched CO2 levels (2 and 3%) were used to exposed two weeks olds Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris seedling for 15 minutes per days, for 40 days duration. Aeration with enriched CO 2 air resulted in higher carbohydrate content as compare to plants grown in ambient CO2 condition. However, reduction in protein was found under elevated levels of CO2, the effect was more pronounced at 3% CO2 level as compared to 2%. The amount of various amino acids was increase in both CO2 treatments, while decrease was observed in the quantity of glycine and serine. In present study, we furthermore investigate the changes in the activity of peroxidase enzyme, which involved in defense mechanisms of plants under oxidative stress. The activity of peroxidase enzyme was found to be increases, this increased continued till the end of experimental period and higher activity of peroxidase was found in the treated plants than control.

Natural dyes are living chemical compound which showed color in presence of oxygen and color less in presence of hydrogen. The addition of oxygen and hydrogen results in an oxidation and reduction of dye. This change in color was used for the demonstration of oxidation and reduction visually in one day open activity of chemical show of oxidation reduction reaction where students gain knowledge very easily about the oxidation and reduction reaction just by showing the change in color of reaction mixture.

Roesky’s ketone, its isomers and their sulfur and selenium analogues have been studied in the gas phase using B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) as the basis set for all atoms. Molecular parameters, namely bond lengths, bond angles, rotational constants, dipole moments and energies, and vibrational parameters, namely harmonic vibrational frequencies and relative intensities are predicted for these ketones. Relative energies, atomisation energies, HOMO-LUMO gaps and natural charges on the atoms have also been predicted. The molecular parameters and vibrational spectra of Roesky’s ketone are in good agreement with some of the available experimental literature data.Therefore, the results from the present theoretical gas phase study are expected to be valid for the molecular structures and vibrational spectra of the novel sulfur and selenium analogues. The findings of this work could be useful for the characterisation of these compounds as and when they are synthesised.